Our teen daughter is a deeply sensitive, perceptive kid who longs for close friendship but often feels sidelined; she reads slights quickly, ruminates and compares herself harshly. Her 16th birthday was heartbreaking: the in-person warmth and social-media love she expected didn’t materialise, and she’s crushed. We try to parent with both empathy and backbone, validating her feelings while nudging her towards agency: widening her circles, getting busier and repairing frayed ties without begging for approval.

But how do we wisely accompany a teenager whose self-worth is repeatedly tested by imperfect peers (in her mind at least) and the distortions of online recognition? What practices, language and boundaries help a highly sensitive adolescent convert disappointment into dignity and build friendships rooted in mutual regard rather than constant self-surveillance?

Eleanor says: I hate to think of how many other sensitive, clever kids have shared your daughter’s experience. You put it well; your own worth gets tested because peers don’t respond the way you’d like. It can set off a chain reaction: you wonder whether it’s them who sucks, or you. This makes friendships feel unstable because either you haven’t got many or you get them by approval-seeking – like you have to whittle off bits of yourself. And that whole package can push you online, because when you don’t get real recognition for who you are and how you’d like to be valued, you’ll accept simulacra. You want to be seen but you’ll settle for views. You want to be liked but you’ll settle for likes.

One reassurance: time might help. The more unusual you are, the more unusual it is to find people like you, necessarily. School isn’t a good reflection of how well that will go, because your company at school is just a fistful from the same geographic or socioeconomic pool. As you grow older, your social world grows more reflective of you; choices about jobs, hobbies, cities, will tend to take you to people you’re more likely to connect with. She will not always have to look for deep soul recognition from whoever happens to take the same bus.

All the same, you want her to develop socially, and fair enough: we might leave the 16th birthday but it never quite leaves us.

You wisely separated what practices might help her from how you should parent her.

For her: we can’t break the vicious cycle between bruised self-worth and rejection from others by somehow forcing people to see what’s good about us. We break it by giving ourselves the recognition we crave from others. A lot of people think this is about reframing thoughts, but it can also pay to do exactly the opposite – go totally second personal. As though you were meeting someone new. You wouldn’t show them that you’re clever, bold, sensitive and mature by hoping they’d think in a certain way – you’d want to give them evidence, with your actions. So too with ourselves: we can treat each day’s actions as opportunities to show ourselves that we are how we want to be seen. So how does she want to be valued? How could she demonstrate those things to herself? If she can get really confident of her own value by consistently showing it to herself, that might soothe some of the self-talk from perceived rejections, and ultimately, help her find her people.

For you: you sound like such a thoughtful and perceptive parent. You know exactly where the right course is for her: neither craving others’ approval too much nor too little. But there’s a bit you can’t do: you can’t do her growing for her. It’s by doing it herself that she’ll find her dignity. You can’t give that to her, but you can trust she’ll get there herself. That itself might help it come true.

This letter has been edited for length.

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